''FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of Essay

''FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of the marketing mix - Essay Example The asset of the company which exceeds 48 million pounds and the annual growth in return of over 393 million net profits presents the need for the company to go public. In so doing, the company products will get more demand especially once they harness the opportunity in the market as the confidence of consumers towards the company will increase. Furthermore, many customers will purchase the shares and they will help in developing and promoting the products image through innovation, contribution, reaching out to the consumers and lifting up the reputation of the firm. To enhance production of quality and healthier produce, the firm source and secure the best and reliable partners. Reputation is an important tool in promotion of a product that will improve once the firm succeeds in going public. The company will be forced to invest more in the creativity and innovation of their products to ensure that ethical trading, quality products, employee development as well as effective customer service are met. The demand for its products will rises, calling for more qualified staff to be employed in the firm as in so doing the quality of their product will not be altered due to overworked staff. The products of the company will be placed to more public attention and scrutiny especially in terms of health and quality standards and due to the fact that the company observes these requirements, hence, its market is sure to grow as Fresca Company observes these requirements. Health is important to the survival of mankind and this is what the company offer, healthy products. Success in increased sales is attributed to the highest quality of produced which surpass the expect ations of customers through embracing a quality product line. As an international company, Fresca Company should take advantage of the virgin, fertile and huge piece of agricultural land in Africa and partner with African countries in the production of

The Camera Essay Example for Free

The Camera Essay It was a hot summer July afternoon in Key West, Florida with my family. We were on our first family vacation in a long while. All of us were standing in the ocean water watching the trainer directing the dolphin to do tricks. She each let us interact individually with the dolphin. It was one of the best feelings ever to just be so close to this gentle creature. It was one of the most memorable experiences of my life that I never want to forget. How would I remember this exact moment in time? Photography is simply the answer. Photographs were taken during the whole time of this event. I can always look back at these photos and not forget one detail. In the words of Jim Jonnard, who is the founder of the Red digital camera system, â€Å"The camera is arguably one of the most important of all inventions†¦it is he single tool that has the ability to stop time, record history, generate art, tell stories, and communicate messages that transcend language like nothing else ever conceived. † (Red Camera) I agree with this statement and the depth within it. The way it changed art is still unexplainable with its eternal lasting impact. The invention of the camera was completely necessary in order for original art to grow and change its direction throughout history and present time. (Berger 16-20) When the camera was first invented it immediately changed how people saw. This was first depicted in paintings. It had taken away the uniqueness of paintings by conveying a different message. When looking at a painting on a screen its surroundings include but are not limited to furniture and the appearance of the walls in the background. This interferes with the true meaning of the image because its environment is causing a distraction to its viewers. Instead of the viewer finding its way to the painting, the painting makes its way to the viewer. The whole meaning changes in its path. This is when the power of the camera took over and became a whole new way of art. (Berger 16-20) Not much concern was put towards how the camera would affect artists and their work. At first they panicked. Adapting to this constant changing world with an art career wasn’t a quick adjustment for them. During the time of the 1830’s which was when the camera was invented was also the era where portraits were a huge deal. Artists felt this pressure through their commissioned portraits. This was the main job of most artists. Many of them didn’t view the camera as a positive attribute to their work. When the camera was introduced to society, people soon realized that it’d be a lot less money and more time efficient to just get photographs taken of them instead. The emergence of â€Å"starving artists† became quite popular. Artists started losing hope with their way of thinking that art had died. (Mcrae) However this art depression didn’t last too long. They were able to shift this downfall into something completely unique and out of the ordinary. Instead of just focusing on portraits that had to be â€Å"true to life,† they looked to paint new subjects, experimenting what could work. They started painting the everyday, working class people exposing the secrets of society. This lead to the development of Cubism, Impressionism, modern art, and even abstract art. To make their pieces unique they added elements that the camera could not obtain. They wanted spectators to know the original. Little did the artists know that photography became a whole new art in itself, opening a door of fresh inspiration. It all began with the camera teaching them realism which allowed artists to see the juxtaposition of things that are real and not. A new perspective was quickly attained and applied. At first painters had to create this concept of realism. Now they just had to arrange and capture. (Lane) Also, artists now didn’t have to sketch the image being created in front of their subject. They could just use a snapshot as a reference instead of having added pressure from the subjects they were surrounded by. This allowed for more detailed and intricate pieces to be created. Now artists had the opportunity to express themselves. Becoming interested in how the camera worked light became the main focus. Light was meant almost everything in art. it was used to depict the mood, theme and even taught the viewer how to feel after looking at a painting. Lighting had such a strong power and artists didn’t even realize this until the invention of the camera. Once again, the realism that photographs portrayed taught the artists how to do their work in a whole new way. Light reflected off of objects passes through the lens of the device, burning an image onto film. Artists made that same connection with humans. Through the human eye, light reflects off of objects and passes through the eye burning an image onto the retina. This concept really intrigued artists, applying the properties of light to their own paintings. (Kenny) I think this was an overwhelming time for artists. They were used to art as being a depiction of one of their creative envisions. Now there was this device that stopped moments in time which caused them to focus on reality. They had to adapt to producing pieces that were exactly as seen. I agree that this can be a difficult concept to grasp especially when taught something a specific way. (Berger 16-20) Now that it is clear that the invention of the camera first influenced art such as in paintings, it also created a whole new classification of art through the video camera. Why just take a snapshot in time when you can record what is actually occurring right in front of you? The art of cinema and theatre were born, showing a side of art that no one had ever seen before. Photographing motion picture just seemed unrealistic and nearly impossible to society at the time, but they were so wrong. It was the gateway to visual media. Changes and developments in the art world highly influenced visual artists, photographers, and film makers. Willie Varela, in The Journal of Film and Video quotes that, â€Å"filmmakers who started working after World War II constituted a movement as powerful and significant as the abstract expressionists in paintings. † These two types of arts worked hand in hand with each other. The ideas that these expressionist painters were able to gain from photography contributed to the growth and success of film making. Through this they were both able to have an extreme impact on each other, leading to the growth of the relationship between art and audience. (Tenney) Film was another way of communicating to society just as photographs and paintings did. This all goes back to the creation of the camera which just proves the point that it was completely necessary in order for art to prosper. It first influenced paintings and then progressed to even more especially motion picture. Videoing moments in time are such a crucial part of today’s society. I don’t think most people realize how much it’s used in their everyday lives. It is used for so many things such as television and movies but most importantly for communication. (Tenney) I feel that both photography and film are so important. It’s what helped to advance society in its major aspects. To me art was the first one, but through the camera a door opened revealing a whole new level of creativity. Society would not nearly be as advanced as it is today without this invention. A life without the camera seems impossible. It gave way to an innovative way of art that was created that ended up changing how people saw for a lifetime. A picture is worth more than just a thousand words.

The Mediatization Of Society Theory Media Essay

The Mediatization Of Society Theory Media Essay Hjarvard deduces that media simultaneously become an integrated part of society, not to mention the existence of other new social media. New social media, a set of identity-centric information and communication technologies (ICTs) that enables production and sharing of digital content in a mediated social setting (Studstzman, 2009) such as Facebook and Twitter, have successfully attracted millions of users, many of whom have integrated these sites into their daily practices and transformed them from a situation of information scarcity to one of information abundance. Accordingly, Ronn (2007) in one of his reports noted that social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, are among the most visited sites on the Internet, just behind the major search engines. Facebook for example, as the site grows more popular, claims that it has more than 500 million active users and 50% of users log on to this site everyday (Facebook, 2011), while Twitter records 175 million registered u sers since its first launch in 2006, with around 95 million tweets are written per day (Twitter, 2011). Both Facebook and Twitter equipped with platforms that allow individuals, as cited in Boyd (1997), to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. These platforms not only serve its users as a tool of sharing of life minutiae (Green, 2011) but also seize the opportunity of increasing their engagement in various issues. For example, Facebook and Twitter have played an increasing role in American politics as they become what US President Barrack Obama campaign in 2008 were most successfully noted for. Accordingly, both also facilitate online community to raise fund for Japanese earthquake and tsunami victim as well as assist innovation that plays as a significant role in cultural change. In other word, interactive and collaborative features provided by the platform of social media have made the dimension of political, social and cultural advancement become more prominent. However, it appears questionable to simply claim that social media alternately acts as the ground of political revolution or creates new social identity and induce cultural change (Boyd, 2011, Green 2011, Hoffman Kornweitz, 2011). A single click on Facebook gro up and merely a tweet do not make people politically activated and socially changed. As emphasises by Boyd (2011), it seems to be only a majestical lustre that technologys structure instantly influences peoples behaviour. Correspondingly, Green (2011) also voices an interesting quandary if social media actually enhance the democracy itself. It is reasonable since Facebook and Twitter are not a replace for motivation that at least required for a revolution to be taken place or new community to be formed. Nonetheless, it is likely understandable from current events that social media have the power to pursue and persuade as by providing platform toward political revolution, social community and cultural advancement yet bring negative and positive consequences for those three subjects. SOCIAL MEDIA AND POLITICAL REVOLUTION As mention above, Facebook, in particular, provides three default platforms for its users to convey their political interest (Langlois, 2009). First, users can become fan of politicians profile or page. Second, they can create or join a group and last, they can change their political views in their profile. Among three, becoming a fan or a group is considered to allow users to be more engaged. Once the common interests are created, the Facebook platforms greatly simplify communicating within and to a network via emails, invitation and reminders. Shirky (2011), social media have become coordinating tools for nearly all of the worlds political movement. Prominent example for this argument is U.S. President Barack Obamas election in 2008. As cited from Obamas Facebook groups during the campaign greatly simplify communicating within and to more than 1, 2 millions of his supportersHe also highlights three default ways . Langlois (2009), Addressed by Hoffmann Kornweitz as medium of direct citizen participation, this aggregation of public via the social network does remarkably magnify the engagement of society to the campaign itself, by extending their social activities/participation such as informing others about campaign events, attempting to persuade donations or taking part in activities related to politics without having to sit down face to face! against History of Russia and France are best example of how lack of new social media did not impede both countries revolutions from happening. The media themselves ineffective acted by casual participants which obviously does not guarantee that every political movement of mobilization will succeed, because the state has not lost the power to react. Take Tunisia for example. The only way both governments could immensely stop the quick dissemination of information was to shut down the whole internet. SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL IDENTITY/COMMUNITY As noted above, new social media such as Facebook and Twitter are potentially able to change the character of our social live. According to . that the new media is changing the way people think, act, and feel. Langlois (2009) stated that social media allows for the emergence of marginalized issue and public: The online informational system provide the material, communicational and social means for a public to exist Therefore, it is likely clear that new social media can be powerful tools for spurring social change, with stressing point that it played a facilitating, mediating role in connections and interactions among its user in society. There are at least three reasons for this claim to be apprehended: Firstly, social media enables creation of dense network that extend human communication abilities in both time and space. According to technological determinism purposed by Mc Luhan, the world now is a global village, where physical distance is even less of a hindrance to the real-time communicative activities of people. Therefore social spheres are greatly expanded by the openness of the web and the ease at which people can search for online communities and interact with others that share the same interests and concerns. Secondly, social medias quick dissemination of information supports new communities to be created, (virtual). Equipped with features that enable for users to be more interactive and collaborative, social media becomes a form of mediated communication that gives the audience access to on-demand content and the ability to share and discuss it with others within seconds. Lets look at Japanese Tsunami and Earthquake for example. Addison asserts in one of his reports that images and videos of Japans tsunami were soon hitting the web just minutes count from the first wave hit Sendai. Thousands messages were then updated via Twitter within seconds, showing of good will, condolences and offering aid for Japan. Social media facilitates such as allowing people the chance to donate to the Red Cross via text message, the donation being added to phone bills. According to the members of the each social medium, there are more than 500 million people are using Facebook and more than 200 million view s on the Youtube for a day. It means billions of audiences are able to share and receive information on the same platform at the same time. Moreover, the information on the social media can be posted and received immediately. Therefore, the information on the social media could be disseminated much faster, compared with traditional media. Thirdly, specifically that the social media is more user generated content, it allows users as news producers. The social media provide a platform for public to advocate social issues. Moreover, it also means the news is not limited by organizations or governments anymore. For instance, for Chinese Jasmine Revolution in 2011, even the Chinese Government tried to stop the situation to be expanded on the social media, it is still held quite successfully. Afterwards, the international media is starting to be conscious to what the revolution was trying to present to public and they are trying to report it to public as well. According to media and social dependency theory (Defleur Ball-Rokeach), for some countries (especially developing countries), if public are uncertain about their society and country, it is much easier for them to rely on the media. It means for some countries, audiences might be easy to follow the issues. In short, social media definitely, developed freedom of speech. With every response and action that results from our engagement, we are slowly introduced to the laws of social physics: for every action there is a reaction even if that reaction is silence. And, the extent of this resulting activity is measured by levels of influence and other factors such as the size and shape of nicheworks as well as attention aperture and time. the concept of community no longer has geographical limitations, as people can now virtually gather in an online community and share common interests regardless of physical location. However, idea of new community in Facebook did not make Obama win his Presidency. SOCIAL MEDIA AND CULTURAL ADVANCEMENT Conclusion Yes, overall it can especially in terms of providing fast, quick and ..platform ,,,. Media scholars argue that social media platforms are tools of self-expression that return a benefit to a public good It is reasonable since Facebook and Twitter are not a replace for motivation that at least required for a revolution to be taken place or new community to be formed. . People can virtually gather in Facebok and Twitter online community or groups, regardless geographical limitations and physical location, which (.). Ronn, K. (2007). Social networking: Closer than you think. Business Week Online, p. 12. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/careers/content/jun2007/ca20070612_954809.htm Hjarvard, S. (2008). The Mediatization of Society: A Theory of the Media as Agents of Social and Cultural Change. [Article]. NORDICOM Review, 29(2), 105-134.

Clay Loading and Dispersion Effects on the Rheological Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites :: essays research papers

Clay Loading and Dispersion Effects on the Rheological Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites The objective of this work is to characterize the influence of clay loading and dispersion effects on the rheological properties of unsaturated polyester composites. Toughened unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites were synthesized by the blending of delaminated clay with unsaturated polyester. Rheological behavior is shown to be strongly influenced by clay loading and the extent of clay dispersion in the polymer matrix. Transition from liquid-like behavior to solid-like behavior shifts to significantly higher solids loading at higher shear rates which may be due to the alignment of the particles in the direction of flow at high shear rates. SEM micrographs are used to display the extent of intercalation and dispersion of the clay within the polymer matrix. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Definition Polymer/clay nanocomposites display a change in composition and structure over a nanometer length scale and have been shown to present considerable property enhancements relative to conventionally scaled composites. Layered silicates dispersed as a reinforcing phase in an engineering polymer matrix are one of the most important of such â€Å"hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites† [1]. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites containing low levels of exfoliated clays, such as montmorillonite and vermiculite have a structure consisting of platelets with at least one dimension in the nanometer range. One of the most important features of polymeric materials is the possibility of controlling their macroscopic physical properties by tailored manipulation of their structures at a nanoscopic scale. To influence the interactions that govern the mechanical properties of polymers, specific nanoscopic scale reinforcement is efficient and beneficial. For example, montmorillonite clay pro vides such reinforcement through the interaction of polymer chains with the charged surfaced of clay lamellae [2]. The use of organoclays as precursors to nanocomposite formation has been extended into various polymer systems including epoxies, polyurethanes, polyimides, nitrile rubber, polyesters, polypropylene, polystyrene and polysiloxanes, among others. Even a variety of inorganic materials, such as glass fibers, talc, calcium carbonate, and clay minerals, have been successfully used as additives or reinforcements to improve the various properties of polymers [3-10]. 1.2 Structure The optimal properties of nanocomposites arise as the clay nanolayers are uniformly dispersed (exfoliated) in the polymer matrix, as opposed to being aggregated or phase separated as tactoids or simply intercalated. As nanolayer exfoliation becomes achieved, there is a trend in the improvement in desired properties that is manifested as an increase in tensile properties, enhancement of barrier properties, a decrease in solvent uptake, an increase in thermal stability and flame retardance, among others [11-12].

Life of Octopus Dofleini :: essays research papers

Life of Octopus Dofleini Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a research report on octopuses in general, however will focus in on a particular species of octopus, the North Pacific Giant or octopus dofleini , which is a bottom dwelling octopus that lives on coasts of the pacific ocean, from California to north Japan. This report will cover the habitat, and lifestyle of this amazing mollusk, that is so often misunderstood. The octopus is a very intelligent, and resourceful invertebrate whose natural abilities should make this a fairly interesting reading. REPRODUCTION OF O. DOFLEINI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The spawning of the giant pacific may occur at any time of the year, however the mating of the octopus peaks in the winter months, with the peak of egg laying in April and may. Octopuses reproduce sexually, and have both male and female octopuses. Reproduction takes place as follows: The male octopus uses his tentacle to take a mass of spermatophore from within his mantle cavity, he then inserts it into the oviduct, in the mantle cavity of the female. This process occurs at depths from 20-100m and, lasts hours. With female octopuses receiving spermatophore up to 1m long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female octopus seem to prefer larger males as mates and male octopus may mate with more than one female in their life span, however the male octopus only lives a few months after breeding, and the female will die shortly after the eggs hatch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incubation can take from 150 days to seven or more months. The female may produce any where from 20,000 to 100,000 eggs over a period of several days. During incubation the female octopus will take to cleaning and aerating the eggs. This takes place at a depth of less than 50 meters LIFE SPAN OF O.DOFLEINI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After hatching, the baby octopus (or larvae) take on the role of plankton, drifting around the ocean feeding on neuston (dead food) as opposed to hunting live prey. This stage on an average lasts for 30-90 days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without mating the octopus may survive up to five years, and Giant Pacific octopus have been found to reach a weight of 600 pounds, and an estimated width of over 31 feet, But the average size is only 100 pounds and 3m, still weighing in as the largest species of octopus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During their life span, many octopus fall victim to fatal, and non-fatal predation. Therefore a high percentage of octopus are mutilated or missing arms, this percentage increases in octopus that live in deep water, perhaps this is because older octopus tend to occupy deeper waters and would naturally have more battle scars. However larger octopus are less prone to these injuries.

Why is Diotima a woman? Essay -- essays research papers

Diotima, Socrates' great teacher from the Symposium, a work by Plato was one of the most influential women thinkers of all time, whether she was a real person or a literary fictional character. She related to Socrates the theory of love that he described to the partygoers at Agathon's banquet, a celebration of Agathon's victory at the competition of Dionysis in Athens and of Eros.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before we search for the idea of why Diotima is a woman, we should first discuss a little about her. We know that, if she were an actual person, she would have been born around 470 BCE and died around 410 BCE. She might have been a priestess from Mantinea. Now if she was a real priestess or poet is uncertain. There is archaeological evidence, plus the fact that no historians for hundreds of years ever challenged her existence, suggests Diotima was an historical person. Her authenticity was not disputed until the 15th century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We should also discuss about how women were generally treated in the days of the Symposium. We read in the beginning of the Symposium that Eryximachus wants to get rid of the women so that the men may â€Å"stick to conversation†. (Symposium 176.e3-177.a2) This invokes the idea that women are unable to have a meaningful conversation. This could be justified because ancient Greeks thought our (women) emotions get in the way. The ancient Greeks (men) had wives for the purpose of producing babies. They had boyfriends for the ...

The Environmental Problems Of Guwahati Environmental Sciences Essay

Guwahati, the largest metropolis of Northeastern part of India with an country of 216 sq.km, It is the 5th fastest turning metropolis of India in footings of urbanisation. Guwahati being the lone metropolis of North eastern part, the metropolis witnessed many alterations like rapid addition of population, depletion of forest screen, spread of diseases which resulted many environmental jobs akin to set down, air, H2O and society. Most of the alterations have taken topographic point due to the consequence of altering natural environment, enormous growing of population peculiarly after switching of the capital from Shillong to Dispur, hill incline destabilization due to building of roads, brooding houses, public establishments and besides for invasion in wetlands and low lying countries. As the metropolis of Guwahati is bounded on three sides by hills and the other side by the mighty river Brahmaputra, the horizontal enlargement is restricted for which many multistoried edifices have come up in recent old ages merely to suit of all time increasing population ( 1991- 2001 decadal growing rate is 38.6 % ) . On the other manus, required substructure and metr opolis comfortss necessary for metropolis inhabitants and metropolis users have non developed consequently. As a consequence many jobs arisen in the metropolis, such as traffic congestion, H2O logging, dusty atmosphere, H2O borne and airborne diseases etc. In this survey an effort has been given to foreground the environmental jobs arisen in Guwahati, their causes and effects.IntroductionThe metropolis of Guwahati is said to be the legendary Pragjyotispur, the metropolis of eastern visible radiation. Guwahati is said to be the gateway of Northeast India. The metropolis is situated between 260 10'25 † north latitude and 910 45'0 † east longitude. The southern, eastern and a portion of western sides of Guwahati are surrounded by hills and knolls. The mighty river Brahmaputra in the North is fluxing in north-east to south-west way. Other of import rivers in and around Guwahati are Bharalu, Mora-bharalu, Basistha-bahini etc. The metropolis is dotted with swamps, fens and H2O organic structures like Dipor beel, Dighali pukhuri, Silsaku measure etc. The metropolis falls under humid, semitropical part characterized by warm humid clime with heavy rainfall ( mean rainfall 1600mm ) and a comparatively cool winter with instead bare ra infall. The maximal and minimal temperature recorded in the metropolis is 38 grade and 16 grade severally with comparative humidness of more than 76.6 % . As the metropolis is the commercial nervus Centre of the Northeast has developed route ( National Highway No31, No37 and No 40 ) , rail and air connectivity with remainder of the state. Main jobs identified in the metropolis are different types of pollution caused due to adult male induced activities, addition of population, H2O logging, dirt eroding etc.PurposesThis survey aims at making such an environment in Guwahati that the metropolis could be made liveable and loveable 1. With this purpose the aim this survey has been designedAimsTo analyse the geo-ecological apparatus of Guwahati. To foreground the environmental jobs associated with be aftering procedure of the metropolis. To analyze the cause and consequence of assorted jobs, and To throw visible radiation on the remedial steps to be taken to minimise the wretchednesss of the metropolis inhabitants and metropolis users.MethodologyHere, in the survey both primary and secondary beginnings of informations have been used. Primary informations were collected by topographic point visit and direct observation of the phenomena. On the other manus secondary informations have been collected from assorted published plants such as books, diaries research articles, studies etc. Topographical maps ( No 78N/12 & A ; 16 ) and satellite imaginations ( SPOT MLA P-238, R-298 Dated 18/10/1990 and Landsat TM P-137, R -042 Dated 10/06/1988 ) have been used to analyze the nature of the metropolis growing, understand the environmental issues and to happen out solutions for minimising the wretchednesss of the metropolis inhabitants. Collected informations have been summarized, analyzed and presented in assorted signifiers like graphs, tabular arraies, maps etc. for easy apprehension of the content of the paper.Data Analysis and Findingss1. Locational distinctive feature of the metropolis invites many environmental jobs. Back in clip the metropolis was known as Pragjyotishpur, which finds reference in Mahabharata, Ramayana, Raghuvansha of Kalidas. Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited the metropolis in 640 AD and described in inside informations about the imposts and manners of the people of Guwahati. Located on strategic point the metropolis has ever been a bone of contention between rival political powers. A figure of bloody wars were fought between Ahom and Mughal swayers for Guwahati ‘s ownership. Deforestation Addition in surface run offHillHill incline destabilization Soil eroding Land slide/ land faux pas Rock autumnHill landSiltation in low prevarication countries and storm H2OinvasiondrainsPlainDecrease in H2OWetlandkeeping capacity Flood of new countriesinvasionShackles free flow of H2O Degeneration of H2OWetlandsorganic structures Dwindling Flora & A ; Fauna Fig. 1: Conventional Diagram demoing impact of human activities on the environmental jobs of Guwahati With the weakening of Ahom power in Assam, the metropolis passed into the custodies of British in 1826. During the British yearss political pre-eminence of Guwahati shifted to Shillong, which they chose as State Capital. In 1971 with the reorganisation of Assam State and shifting of capital to Guwahati ( Dispur ) it once more recovered its political pre-eminence in north east part [ 1 ] . Since so Guwahati has made a rapid advancement every bit far as demographic, commercial and industrial activities are concerned. All these activities are responsible for many environmental jobs in the metropolis ( Fig.1 ) . . 2. Geographic and geological apparatuss are responsible to a great extent for the jobs like water-logging, landslide etc. in the metropolis. The general form of the metropolis is merely like a bowl surrounded by hills and knolls in three sides and river side roads on the staying side. The height in the field countries of the metropolis varies from 49.5m to 55.5m. . There are a figure of little knolls in the metropolis of which Sarania ( 193m ) , Nabagraha ( 217m ) , Nilachal ( 193m ) , and Chunsali ( 293m ) are of import. The hills are composed of Granite, Quartzite, Hornblende-Biotic-Schist, Pegmatite and Quartz. On the other manus the field countries of the metropolis covered by old and new alluvial sediment. Most portion of the metropolis composed of light yellowish to ruddy dirt. When the dirts wholly H2O saturated during the monsoon months accelerate the rate of landslide jeopardies. The flinty stones on the hills bit by bit exposed due to hill dirt eroding. Quite frequently rock fall occur during the end portion of the monsoon months and take cherished human lives and harm belongings. Since August 1987 to August 2005 every bit many as 22 instances of landslide and stone autumn instances recorded in different locations of Guwahati. 3. Climatic status peculiarly rainfall concentration in monsoon months from June to September do many incommodiousness like water-logging, dusty atmosphere, spread of H2O borne and airborne double daggers. Normally June rainfall is ever dismaying but the cloudburst absorbed by dirt. At this phase landslide, stone autumn and H2O logging etc. make non originate. But from July onwards in each heavy shower cause H2O logging in the countries like Narengi, Satgaon, Saimail, Khanapara, Noonmati, Bamunimaidam, Chandmari, Silpukhuri, Guwahati Club, Uzanbazar, Panbazar, Fancy Bazar, Paltan Bazar, Athgaon, Bharalumukh, Maligaon, Adabari, Jalukbari, G.S. Road, Zoo Road Tinali, Rajgarj Road, Bhangagarh, Dispur. When hill soils become concentrated landslide and stone autumn occur. Again, instantly after H2O logging, route surface become boggy and roadside drains clogged with silt derived from the hills. Soon after, dry clay on the roads create dust-covered ambiance and increase air pollution. Furt hermore, storm H2O cause commixture of drain H2O and infected armored combat vehicle wastewaters with imbibing H2O beginnings aggravate the wellness jeopardies in the metropolis. 4. Almost all the jobs of the metropolis related to the population growing. The decadal growing of population in Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority ( GMDA ) clearly indicates how population may make jobs in the metropolis ( Table- 1 ) The urban conurbation map since 1911 besides bespeak how metropolis has been expanded ( Fig-4 ) . This has drastically changed the land usage form in the metropolis ( Table-2 ) .More peculiarly slums and homesteaders have increased manifold in last few old ages. As a consequence many incommodiousness and jobs have arisen in the metropolis. 5. Defective planning and blank in put to deathing the development schemes aggravate the jobs in the metropolis. In this respect, unequal route infinite, deficiency of parking installation, undersized wayside drains, randomly set public-service corporation wires and pipes are deserving adverting. Almost all the of import roads, viz. GNB Road, GS Road, MG Road and most of the traffic point face ague traffic congestion. Up to 1975 the figure of motorised vehicles in the metropolis was merely 27,000 which has increased to 1,29,856 in the twelvemonth 1990. After that the rate of addition accelerated and by 2003 it records 3,13,387. As such around one hundred thousand motor vehicle added to the roads of Guwahati every twelvemonth [ 2 ] . On the other manus the metropolis country has increased by merely 46 sq kilometer in last 20 old ages. Most of the streets in the metropolis are merely 4.8m broad. There are many lanes, which have merely 3.6m or even 3.0m breadth. Thesiss should be at lea st 8.0m for visible radiation and medium vehicles and at least 9.0m for heavy vehicles [ 3 ] . The consequences of the vehicular emanation show the misdemeanor in emanation bound by 53 per centum and 81 per centum in instance of gasoline and Diesel vehicles severally [ 4 & A ; 5 ] . It clearly indicates the magnitude of pollution degree in the metropolis. 6. Lack of consciousness and inclination of go againsting the norms and regulations in building houses, disposing family wastes and staying traffic regulations cause many jobs in the metropolis. 7. Inanition in implementing Torahs besides responsible for the jobs of traffic congestion, waste disposal, hill slope destabilization, wetland invasion and assorted types of pollution in the metropolis. Table- 1: Population Growth in Guwahati ( from 1971 to 2001 ) Year Population 1971 2,93,219 1981 4,51,200 1991 6,93,660 2001 10,67,40012000001000000800000600000Population40000020000001971198119912001Fig. 3:Population Growth in Guwahati ( from 1971 to 2001 )Land Use Category19902001Residential 8904 ( 71.04 % ) 6600 Commercial 202 ( 1.62 % ) 660 Industrial 516 ( 4.14 % ) 1375 Public & A ; Semi Public 1504 ( 12.08 % ) 2475 Transport & A ; 1053 ( 8.47 % ) 3399 Communication Parks & A ; Diversion 14 ( 0.11 % ) 1450 Particular Use/Others 257 ( 2.06 % )—Table- 2: Area under Various Land Uses 1990 to 2001